Surah At Tawbah || سورة التوبة Description
At-Tawbah (Arabic: ٱلتَّوْبَة, at-Tawbah, "The Repentance"), also known as Bara'ah (Arabic: بَرَاءَة, Barāʾah, "Repudiation"), is the ninth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran. It contains 129 verses (āyāt) and is one of the last Medinan (Madani / Madni) surah. This Surah is reported to have been revealed at the time of the Battle of Tabuk in Madinah in the 9th year of the Hijrah. It is the only Surah of the Quran that does not begin with Bismillah. It deals with almost the same topics as those dealt with in Surat al-Anfal. It is the only surah in the Qur'an which does not begin with the usual opening formula, In the name of God, the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate. In contrast to all other surahs, prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), did not order that this formula should be put at the beginning of this surah.
Name:
This Surah is known by two names - At Taubah and Al-Bara'at. It is called Surat At Taubah in light of the fact that it articulates taubah (atonement) and informs about the conditions of its acceptance.(vv. 102. 118). The second name Bara'at (Release) is taken from the opening word of the Surah.
Oversight of Bismillah:
Out of all 114 Surahs of the Quran this is the only one to which Bismillah isn't prefixed. Among the explanations put forward for his not doing so, the most commonly accepted according Unal is that, like the Islamic salutation, Peace be upon you, the expression, In the Name of God, the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate conveys security and giving of quarter to those addressed. However, Surat at-Tawbah begins with an ultimatum to certain polytheists in Arabia. It deals, for the most part, with a re-evaluation of the relations with the polytheists who were frequently violating their agreements, the campaign to Tabuk, a disclosure of the intrigues of the hypocrites in Madinah(9:64-67, 101), the importance of jihad in God's cause(9:24), and relationships with the People of the Book.
Hadith (Hadees):
The first and foremost exegesis/tafsir of the Qur'an (Quran / Koran / Quraan) is found in hadith of Muhammad. Ḥadīth (حديث) is literally "speech" or "report", that is a recorded saying or tradition of Muhammad validated by isnad; with Sirah Rasul Allah these comprise the sunnah and reveal shariah. According to Hazrat Aishah (R.A), the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was practical implementation of Qur'an. Therefore, higher count of hadith elevates the importance of the pertinent surah from a certain perspective. This surah was held in special esteem in hadith, which can be observed by these related narratives.
Abu Ishaq said that he heard al-Bara' b. 'Azib (Allah be pleased with him) say: The last complete sura revealed (in the Holy Qur'an) is Sura At-Tawbah (i e. al-Bara'at, ix.), and the last verse revealed is that pertaining to Kalala.
Narrated Sa'id ibn Jubayr: I asked Ibn `Abbas about Surat At-Tawbah, and he said, "Surat Al-Tauba? It is exposure (of all the evils of the infidels and the hypocrites). And it continued revealing (that the oft-repeated expression): '...and of them ...and of them.' till they started thinking that none would be left unmentioned therein." I said, "What about) Surat Al-Anfal?" He replied, "Surah Al-Anfal was revealed in connection with the Battle of Badr." I said, "(What about) Surat Al-Hashr?" He replied, "It was revealed in connection with Banu Nadir."
Narrated Zayd ibn Thabit Al-Ansari: who was one of those who used to write the Divine Revelation: Abu Bakr sent for me after the (heavy) casualties among the warriors (of the battle) of Yamama (where a great number of Qurra' were killed). Hazrat Umar (R.A) was present with Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) who said, `Umar has come to me and said, The people have suffered heavy casualties on the day of (the battle of) Yamama, and I am afraid that there will be more casualties among the Qurra' (those who know the Qur'an by heart) at other battle-fields, whereby a large part of the Qur'an may be lost, unless you collect it.
Name:
This Surah is known by two names - At Taubah and Al-Bara'at. It is called Surat At Taubah in light of the fact that it articulates taubah (atonement) and informs about the conditions of its acceptance.(vv. 102. 118). The second name Bara'at (Release) is taken from the opening word of the Surah.
Oversight of Bismillah:
Out of all 114 Surahs of the Quran this is the only one to which Bismillah isn't prefixed. Among the explanations put forward for his not doing so, the most commonly accepted according Unal is that, like the Islamic salutation, Peace be upon you, the expression, In the Name of God, the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate conveys security and giving of quarter to those addressed. However, Surat at-Tawbah begins with an ultimatum to certain polytheists in Arabia. It deals, for the most part, with a re-evaluation of the relations with the polytheists who were frequently violating their agreements, the campaign to Tabuk, a disclosure of the intrigues of the hypocrites in Madinah(9:64-67, 101), the importance of jihad in God's cause(9:24), and relationships with the People of the Book.
Hadith (Hadees):
The first and foremost exegesis/tafsir of the Qur'an (Quran / Koran / Quraan) is found in hadith of Muhammad. Ḥadīth (حديث) is literally "speech" or "report", that is a recorded saying or tradition of Muhammad validated by isnad; with Sirah Rasul Allah these comprise the sunnah and reveal shariah. According to Hazrat Aishah (R.A), the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was practical implementation of Qur'an. Therefore, higher count of hadith elevates the importance of the pertinent surah from a certain perspective. This surah was held in special esteem in hadith, which can be observed by these related narratives.
Abu Ishaq said that he heard al-Bara' b. 'Azib (Allah be pleased with him) say: The last complete sura revealed (in the Holy Qur'an) is Sura At-Tawbah (i e. al-Bara'at, ix.), and the last verse revealed is that pertaining to Kalala.
Narrated Sa'id ibn Jubayr: I asked Ibn `Abbas about Surat At-Tawbah, and he said, "Surat Al-Tauba? It is exposure (of all the evils of the infidels and the hypocrites). And it continued revealing (that the oft-repeated expression): '...and of them ...and of them.' till they started thinking that none would be left unmentioned therein." I said, "What about) Surat Al-Anfal?" He replied, "Surah Al-Anfal was revealed in connection with the Battle of Badr." I said, "(What about) Surat Al-Hashr?" He replied, "It was revealed in connection with Banu Nadir."
Narrated Zayd ibn Thabit Al-Ansari: who was one of those who used to write the Divine Revelation: Abu Bakr sent for me after the (heavy) casualties among the warriors (of the battle) of Yamama (where a great number of Qurra' were killed). Hazrat Umar (R.A) was present with Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) who said, `Umar has come to me and said, The people have suffered heavy casualties on the day of (the battle of) Yamama, and I am afraid that there will be more casualties among the Qurra' (those who know the Qur'an by heart) at other battle-fields, whereby a large part of the Qur'an may be lost, unless you collect it.
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