More than twice as deep as the Grand Canyon and is thought to be the second deepest canyon in the world. Peru’s Colca Canyon is breathtakingly created by a massive geological fault between two huge volcanoes, there is still evidence of pre-Inca terracing on its slopes. The Mirador Cruz del Condor is the most popular spot to take in the views and watch soaring condors.

A secret world all of its own. The bayugan snakes along for 8.2km underneath the karst landscape of the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park. The waterway has eroded a series of vast chambers on its journey. Which are full of stalactites and stalagmites not to mention more than 400,000 bats before it eventually flows out into the open South China Sea.

From Tanzania to Eritrea. The earth is being wrenched apart along the Great Rift Valley and will one day form a new ocean. Volcanic activity abounds along this rift, particularly in the Danakil Depression. This dramatic region is home to more than thirty young volcanoes, sulfurous yellow hot springs, and otherworldly salt plains. The Foreign Office before traveling like this is a geologically volatile area.

Pamukkale, Turkey Pamukkale pronounced pan MOOK Ka-Leh translates from Turkish as Cotton Fortress. The awesome calcium travertines formed by the cooling waters of this mineral bath spa certainly deserve such a title. There has been a spa on this site since Roman times and many of the Roman buildings remain as ruins including the original pool which you can swim in. My inner historian is squealing in excitement just writing about it.