Surface quality, also known as surface texture or surface topography, is a description of the nature of the surface, surface roughness, and waviness defined by three characteristics of the surface. It includes minor, local surface deviations from the perfectly flat ideal (a real plane).

Surface texture is one of the important factors controlling friction and transfer layer formation during sliding. Considerable efforts have been made to study the effect of surface texture on friction and wear during sliding conditions. Surface textures can be isotropic or anisotropic. Sometimes, depending on the surface texture, the adhesion-sliding friction phenomenon can be observed during sliding.

Every manufacturing process (like many types of machining) produces a surface texture. The process is usually optimized to ensure that the resulting tissue is usable. If necessary, additional action will be added to replace the initial texture. The second process may be grinding (abrasive cutting), polishing, lapping, abrasive blasting, honing, electric discharge machining (EDM), milling, lithography, industrial etching/chemical milling, laser texturing, or other processes.

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